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Stormwater management constitutes a major problem in cities. The increase in impermeable surfaces due to urbanization reduces the absorption of this water and exacerbates the problem. Green roofs are one of the solutions that would lower these volumes of runoff water. Nevertheless, they can act as a source of pollutant. Therefore, this study is conducted to analyze the impact of several substrates on runoff water in order to reduce its volume and optimize its quality. Different mixtures composed of conventional substrate, coco peat and rice husk were tested. While the results showed that different substrates did not have significant impacts on the sum of drainage water collected during the entire period, some collections enable drawing conclusions. In these latter, the RH50 emerged as the most suitable to retain water. Quality analyses highlighted that the conventional substrate was a source of NO3 and absorbed Ca, Mg and Na. The increase in the percentage of coco peat leads to an elevation of the C and Fe concentration while decreasing the Cl concentration. At the same time, the rise in the percentage of rice husk induces a source of SO4, Ba, K and V while it absorbs Ca, Mg and Na.

green roofs --- substrates --- runoff water --- water quality --- Japan --- Sciences du vivant > Sciences de l'environnement & écologie

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This book is made up of contributions dealing with heritage stones from different countries around the world. The stones are described, as well as their use in vernacular and contemporaneous architecture. Heritage stones are those stones that have special significance in human culture. Examples include some very important stones that have been either neglected because they are no longer extracted, or stones that have great significance in commercial terms but knowledge of their national and/or international heritage has not been well documented. In this collection of articles, we have tried to spread awareness of architectural heritage around the world, the natural stones that have been used in its construction, and the need to preserve historical quarries that once provided the source of such stones. Historical quarries are linked to regional culture and tradition. Because of the specific technical and aesthetical characteristics of heritage stones, which have lasted for centuries, these historical quarries should be preserved to be able to use the stones for the proper restoration of monuments and historical buildings to avoid negative actions that can be observed in many places in the restoration of buildings, which are some times part of World Heritage sites. The final intention of this book is to continuosly grow the interest on this fascinating subject of heritage stones.

Cheomseongdae --- building stones --- petrographic analysis --- the bay of Kotor --- quarry characterisation --- architectural heritage --- cultural heritage conservation --- ultrafast pulse laser --- archaeometry --- Sopo?ani --- marble deposits --- Guadeloupe --- architectural conservation --- multiscale roughness --- rocks characterization --- cultural stone --- restoration --- pyroclastic rock --- Duomo di Milano --- dolostone --- geological heritage --- historical and Archaeological sites --- modern principles of double-layered ventilated roofs --- heritage --- Bargiolina --- dynamic centrifuge test --- sustainability --- cultural heritage --- geoheritage --- market --- marble --- serpentinites --- Western Alps --- SEM-EDS --- Unesco World Heritage Site --- UNESCO World Heritage List --- Studenica --- kaolin --- Coimbra Formation --- eastern Caribbean --- dimension stone --- laser surface texturing --- 2016 Gyeongju Earthquake --- houses based on natural stone --- industrial minerals --- wettability properties --- fracturing pattern --- natural stone --- Gyeongju Historic Areas --- ancient seismic design technique --- Martinique --- quartzite --- site-specific ground response analysis --- stone architectural heritage --- French West Indies --- Sardinia --- quarrying --- quarries --- stone architecture heritage --- Candoglia marble --- UNESCO cultural heritage --- site characterisation --- hydrophobicity --- Chianocco marble --- conservation requirements --- management --- heritage stone --- isotopic analysis

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The combination of global warming and urban sprawl is the origin of the most hazardous climate change effect detected at urban level: Urban Heat Island, representing the urban overheating respect to the countryside surrounding the city. This book includes 18 papers representing the state of the art of detection, assessment mitigation and adaption to urban overheating. Advanced methods, strategies and technologies are here analyzed including relevant issues as: the role of urban materials and fabrics on urban climate and their potential mitigation, the impact of greenery and vegetation to reduce urban temperatures and improve the thermal comfort, the role the urban geometry in the air temperature rise, the use of satellite and ground data to assess and quantify the urban overheating and develop mitigation solutions, calculation methods and application to predict and assess mitigation scenarios. The outcomes of the book are thus relevant for a wide multidisciplinary audience, including: environmental scientists and engineers, architect and urban planners, policy makers and students.

emissivity --- mobile temperature observations --- urban heat island --- urban vegetation --- urban overheating --- spectral analysis --- Beirut --- urban heat island index --- land surface temperature --- ENVI-met --- air quality --- albedo --- climatic perception --- overheating --- urbanization --- road surface --- “cold spots” --- Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) --- urban remote sensing --- local climate zone --- cooling technologies --- Weather Research and Forecasting model --- cool surfaces --- outdoor thermal comfort --- energy savings --- air temperature --- measurement --- urbanized WRF --- mitigation measures --- Euramet --- heat health --- surface cool island effect --- urban-climate archipelago --- sky view factor --- urban climate archipelago --- open science --- cool roofs --- urban energy balance --- road lighting --- urban climatology --- material characterization --- urban climate --- thermal comfort --- air and surface temperature measurements --- cool pavements --- multi-objective optimization --- empirical line method --- calculation --- urban cooling --- multifractal analysis --- urban heat mitigation --- genetic algorithm --- heat stress --- “hot spots” --- subtropical climate --- EMPIR 16NRM02 --- building energy performance --- multiple linear regression --- built-up area --- thermal emittance --- urban morphology --- cost-optimal analysis --- building retrofit --- sustainability --- mitigation strategies --- luminance coefficient --- office buildings --- GIS --- structure functions analysis --- solar reflectance --- park cool island --- solar reflectance index --- urban open space --- building scale --- meteorological modeling --- shading --- surface albedo --- summer heat stress --- cool materials --- land cover fraction --- micro-climate simulations --- energy simulation --- urban microclimate --- urban development --- Physiologically Equivalent Temperature --- cool facades --- green area --- ageing --- MODIS downscaling --- spectral reflectance --- fine-resolution meteorological modeling --- urban areas --- morphological indicator --- lifecycle analysis --- non-constructible parcels --- WRF-Chem